For the purposes of this debate, there are two models through which teacher training and hiring can be done.
Under the controlled model, the government or the central authority sets strict qualifications for entry into the teaching profession, imposes rigorous training programs, and maintains strong oversight over recruitment, certification, and professional development of teachers.
In contrast, under the flexible model, entry qualifications and training requirements are generally more relaxed, and local authorities or individual schools have more control over hiring and training of the teachers.